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- *****************************************
- * Casein kinase II phosphorylation site *
- *****************************************
-
- Casein kinase II (CK-2) is a protein serine/threonine kinase whose activity is
- independent of cyclic nucleotides and calcium. CK-2 phosphorylates many
- different proteins. The substrate specificity [1] of this enzyme can be
- summarized as follows:
-
- (1) Under comparable conditions Ser is favored over Thr.
- (2) An acidic residue (either Asp or Glu) must be present three residues from
- the C-terminal of the phosphate acceptor site.
- (3) Additional acidic residues in positions +1, +2, +4, and +5 increase the
- phosphorylation rate. Most physiological substrates have at least one
- acidic residue in these positions.
- (4) Asp is preferred to Glu as the provider of acidic determinants.
- (5) A basic residue at the N-terminal of the acceptor site decreases the
- phosphorylation rate, while an acidic one will increase it.
-
- -Consensus pattern: [ST]-x(2)-[DE]
- [S or T is the phosphorylation site]
-
- -Note: this pattern is found in most of the known physiological substrates.
-
- -Last update: May 1991 / Text revised.
-
- [ 1] Pinna L.A.
- Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1054:267-284(1990).
-